World’s largest heliothermic lake @ Romanian spa of Sovata. “Bear Lake” holds three world records

Bear Lake (Lacul Ursu) is located in the Romanian resort of Sovata and boasts three world records: world’s largest heliothermic lake, only salt-water lake surrounded by rich vegetation due to time-deposition of volcanic soil and world’s only natural lake whose birthday is doubtless known with high accuracy: May 27, 1875 at 11.00 a.m. when a landslide led to the appearance of a hyper-saline geological formation.

The Bear Lake was named after its shape which resembles kind of bearskin. It is located at an altitude of 502 m on a mountain containing a 3-km-deep salt layer. The lake has a surface area of 40,235 square meters, a depth of 18.10 m, a width of 170 m and an average salinity of 250 g/l. The lake is listed as a natural heritage of Romania.

Its hypersaline waters has unique properties beneficial for those suffering of various rheumatic, endocrine and cardiovascular disorders. Those under the therapy are recommended to have baths of about 20 -30 minutes (10-15 minutes for children). The slurry that is formed on the bottom is also used for various treatments.

The heliothermic effect (i.e., gaining heat from sun) of the lake was discovered around 1900, being determined by the “thermal stratification of lake’s saline water levels as a result of the uneven heating of these layers by solar radiation.”

“Having a lower specific weight, the freshwater stretches at the lake’s surface forming a several centimeter thick layer. During the spring season, the lower salty layers (1.40 to 2.50 m) are heated by sunlight up to 40-50 degrees Celsius (in late June). Due to its higher specific weight, the salt water does not rise to the surface and retains the stored heat till the middle of the summer season.
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In the summer of 1900, the Bear Lake reached a temperature 71 degrees Celsius at a depth of 1.32 meter. In the coming years, due to increasing number of visitors, the water temperature has not risen to same value. When opening for public, the lake temperature goes as high as 50-55 degrees Celsius. In summer, the water temperature decreases gradually.”

Sovata is also famous for other tourist attractions: The Mountain of Salt (located behind the Red Lake (Lacul Rosu) and Green Lake (Lacul Verde)), The Aluniş Slope, The Black Lake (Sovata’s first lake which formed back in 1710 after the collapse of a mine) and Spring Ghera. In 1884 Sovata was officially certified as a spa resort.