Category: Science

Updates in science, research and educational knowledge via Foxcrawl Science

  • First ammonia-powered Eco Car created, unveiled in South Korea

    South Korea presented on Tuesday its first eco car that runs on ammonia, an alternative to fossil fuels that produce greenhouse gases, as reported by local news agency Yonhap.

    Ammonia eco car
    South Korea automotive industry revealed the first green (eco) car running on ammonia-based fuel (Credit: rtv.net)
    Instead of conventional fuel, the economically-friendly vehicle designed by the Korean Institute for Energy Studies (KIER), uses a mixture of 30% gasoline and 70% ammonia, which will reduce the carbon emissions by 70%, according to the Ministry of Sciences.

    South Korean developers said that burning ammonia – a chemical compound based on nitrogen and hydrogen atoms-, it would produce no greenhouse gas emissions. It can be added to the fuel for any car, the only thing needed being the upgrade of the system.
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    If only 20% of all cars running today on the streets of South Korea would use this type of ammonia fuel, emissions of greenhouse gases would be diminished by more than 10 million tons, or 15% per year.

    The only downside is the high price of ammonia, but representatives of the Institute for Energy Studies in Seoul ensure that a cheaper means of production of ammonia is already underway.

  • World’s first emergency face transplant carried out in Poland to save life of a man

    Doctors at the medical center in Gliwice, southern Poland, announced on Wednesday that they performed world’s first emergency face transplant surgery carried out in order to save the life of a patient.

    Computerized tomography  courtesy of the Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology in Gliwice, Poland, shows the skull of a 33-year-old Polish man after it was damaged in a work accident, right,  alongside the healthy skull of another person.
    Computerized tomography courtesy of the Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology in Gliwice, Poland, shows the skull of a 33-year-old Polish man after it was damaged in a work accident, right, alongside the healthy skull of another person.
    While face reconstruction surgeries have been performed before, this one if the first when a quick action was needed for saving the victim. Patients normally need to wait a couple of years before being prepared for a face transplant surgery, but after a work incident left a Polish man disfigured and at risk for life-threatening infections, surgeons had to take a fast decision.

    “This is the first full face transplant of its kind made in Poland and in the world and the emergency procedure was necessary for saving the patient’s life,” said Anna Uryga, spokesperson at the Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology in Gliwice.

    On April 23, a 33-year-old man named Grzegorz, was left without a large part of his face during an accident caused by stone cutting machine. A first attempt failed to reconstruct the his facial traits, instead it was able to save his vision and the lower part of his face. Man’s life was still in danger because of the extent and the depth of the injury, said Ms Uryga.

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    After seven days, “his condition still remains serious, because the intervention was extremely difficult,” said the doctor, adding that the patient “breathes independently. He does not talk, but communicates through movements of his head and hands.”

    According to the doctor, “the patient can eat, breathe and see. Than eight months should regain traction across the face.”

    Gliwice facial transplant emerged seven and a half years after the world’s first face grafting came out successful on November 27, 2005 in a hospital from Amiens, France.

  • Andrea Rossi cold fusion E-Cat reactor promises to revolutionize the energy industry

    The controversial Italian scientist Andrea Rossi claimed a while ago that he attained huge amounts of energy at low temperature, and now his results are reportedly confirmed for the first time by an independent team of credible researchers who submitted on May 16, 2013 a the paper titled “Indication of anomalous heat energy production in a reactor device”. [The paper was subsequently revised on May 20 and June 7, 2013].

    E-cat cold fusion reactor
    The E-Cat HT reactor tube working on Andrea Rossi’s idea for generating energy by cold fusion (Reference: Cornell Univ. Library (http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.3913))
    Rossi’s energy catalyst dubbed as the E-Cat HT device, works using a low energy nuclear reaction (LERN) that produces large amounts of energy from a few grams of hydrogen; the results triggered waves of controversy and criticism among scientists. Otherwise known as cold fusion, this approach is one generally avoided by physicists and regarded with skepticism.

    Fusion or illusion?
    Well, it appears that independent third parties performed two test runs in December 2012 and March 2013 and confirmed the veracity of Rossi’s cold fusion device, according to Forbes.com. “Unless this is the most elaborate scientific hoax in the world, it seems that the mankind is just about to witness an unprecedented energy revolution, and that depends only on Rossi himself” wrote the editors of the prestigious American magazine.

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    … a high temperature development of the original apparatus which has also undergone many construction changes in the last two years – is the latest product manufactured by Leonardo Corporation: it is a device allegedly capable of producing heat from some type of reaction the origin of which is unknown.
    … a cylinder having a silicon nitride ceramic outer shell, 33 cm in length, and 10 cm in diameter. A second cylinder made of a different ceramic material (corundum) was located within the shell, and housed three delta-connected spiral-wire resistor coils. Resistors were laid out horizontally, parallel to and equidistant from the cylinder axis, and were as long as the cylinder itself. They were fed by a TRIAC power regulator device which interrupted each phase periodically, in order to modulate power input with an industrial trade secret waveform. This procedure, needed to properly activate the E-Cat HT charge, had no bearing whatsoever on the power consumption of the device, which remained constant throughout the test. The most important element of the E-Cat HT was lodged inside the structure. It consisted of an AISI 310 steel cylinder, 3 mm thick and 33 mm in diameter, housing the powder charges. Two AISI 316 steel cone-shaped caps were hot-hammered in the cylinder, sealing it hermetically.
    (Forbes.com)

    Video: Controversial cold fusion may solve all energy issues

  • Oklahoma tornado stronger than Hiroshima atomic bomb

    A precise combination of wind, humidity and precipitation triggered a deadly tornado in Oklahoma on Monday. The twister which left at least 24 dead, including nine children, and some 237 injured. The impressive amount of energy dissipated is now believed to be much greater than the atomic bomb that destroyed the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. NASA released also a video showing the killing twister from space (see footage below)

    EF-5 tornado Moore Oklahoma
    Total damage: aerial views of what’s left behind after an EF-5 twister hit Oklahoma on May 20, 2013 (Wikimedia CC0)
    The National Weather Service has assigned the tornado a top scale EF-5 rating, which is the highest for the wind speed and severity of the damage. The speed of the wind gusts was estimated at 320 km/h and 337 km/h.

    Several meteorologists took real time measurement data used to calculate the amount of energy dissipated during the storm. After a detailed analysis, the tornado strength was estimated to have been between 8 to 600 times greater than the power released by the Hiroshima bomb, with most experts opting for higher values.

    At some points, the tornado was 2 kilometers wide and 27 kilometer long for approximately 40 minutes. This period is quite long for a typical tornado, but it is not unusual for a violent one, said the meteorologist researcher Harold Brooks of the National Severe Storms Laboratory. Of the 60 EF5 tornadoes since 1950, Oklahoma and Alabama have been hit the most, 7 times each. More than half of these top-of-the-scale tornadoes are in just 5 states: Oklahoma, Alabama, Kansas, Texas and Iowa. Only less than 1 percent of all U .S. tornadoes show such a violent behavior – that means about 10 a year, added Brooks. In general the United States averages about one EF-5 a year, but this was the first in about 2 years.

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    Moore Oklahoma tornado
    View of the supercell thunderstorm that spawned a deadly tornado that passed just south of Oklahoma City and swept Moore ( NASA/Jeff Schmaltz)

    Moore medical center tornado damage
    Norman Regional Hospital (Moore Medical Center) was reduced to rubble as it was directly in the path of the massive tornado (Wikimedia CC0)

    Video: EF-5 Oklahoma tornado

  • 5 Myths and facts about breast cancer women must know

    Breast cancer is a disease commonly affecting the women aged over 50. The risk of breast cancer for women between 30 and 40 is about 1 in 250, while for women between 40 and 50 is 1 in 70.

     Breast cancer associated protein, BRCA1
    Breast cancer accounts for 22.9% of all cancers in women at global level. The image shows the molecular structure of the breast cancer associated protein 1t2v. (Wikimedia CC0)
    Here are some facts and myths about breast cancer, clarified to some extent by experts on Naturalnews.com site.

    1. Breast cancer can not be prevented
    Facts: Up to 98% of breast cancers can be prevented through diet, supplements, sun exposure, exercise, avoiding exposure to toxic products.

    2. Chemotherapy is the safest way to treat cancer
    Facts: Chemotherapy is known to generate also serious side effects: vomiting, hair loss, then muscle, brain, heart, kidneys and liver impairing. Many of these adverse effects remain permanent.
    Chemotherapy reduces the tumor size, but with a price sometimes too much in terms of the health of the patient’s body.

    3. Mammograms are the best way to detect breast cancer
    Normally you’ll find no obvious signs of prostate cancer along with the diagnosis of this issue discount viagra generic amerikabulteni.com is several times incidental. This gel form easily gets dissolved in the body & begins purchased this viagra without prescription responding. Denmark is pledging to go 100% levitra no prescription renewable by 2050. There are lots of reasons for erectile dysfunction of male reproductive sildenafil from canada system to function properly by making the blood flow properly and makes it sure that the person has an excellent surgical technique and vast experience, yet some people still get chronic diarrhea. Facts: Only one in 10 women takes benefit of this analysis, the remainder being traumatized.
    At least that’s the conclusion according to a study conducted in Denmark, where apparently the mammography causes more harm than help. Researchers examined the negative effects and benefits of screening programs to over 500,000 women in the United States, Canada, Scotland and Sweden. The study authors say that for every 2000 women who did mammograms for 10 years, only one benefits of an extension of life expectancy, while 10 women endure harsh treatment potentially traumatizing.

    4. If my mother had breast cancer, then will I develop as well?
    Facts: Before being caused by genes, cancer is caused by an unhealthy lifestyle.
    Smoking, drinking, exposure to chemical solvents, perfumes, cleaning products, pesticides, toxic cosmetics are the main cause of cancer. Things are even worse if there is a family history related to cancer.

    5. The sun causes cancer
    Facts: The sun generates vitamin D in the body that prevents 78% of all cancers.
    Of course, the myth becomes true in situations when the sun exposure is excessive.

  • LED technology might damage eye retina, researcher warns

    Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have become more and more present in people’s lives but now Spanish researchers warn that the energy-saving LED technology could irreversibly damage the retinas of the human eye.

    Eyes close-up
    LED light may potentially cause irreversible destruction of human eyes
    LED light can irreparable affect eyes retina, according to a study carried out by researchers at the University Complutense of Madrid.

    The LED light output is mainly made up of short-wavelength blue and violet end of the visible electromagnetic spectrum.

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    “Eyes are not designed to look directly at light sources, they are designed to see with light,” said the study coordinator Dr. Celia Sánchez-Ramos in an interview for ThinkSpain.com.

    To protect vision, the researcher advises people to use high-quality sunglasses with UV filters and have a diet rich in vitamin A, to protect eyes against retinal damage.

  • Lightning strikes rainbow at Yosemite Park sparking gold display

    What happens when lightning cracks through a rainbow? The answer was delivered by the 27-year-old photographer Nolan Nitschke who captured a sequence of incredible images including the moment when a bolt struck a rainbow (see rainbow-lightning strike photo). The spectacular natural display was captured on camera at the Yosemite National Park in California.

    Yosemite valley half dome
    One-of-a-kind sighting with lightning bolt clashing with rainbow at Yosemite Park (Wikimedia CC0)
    Nolan Nitschke heard that a storm was about to sweep across the park, but did not even think about the chance of witnessing such a rare phenomenon.

    After several hours spent on the site, the photographer consider himself proud of his work.

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    Nitschke, from Bishop, California, said: “I wished to picture a lightning bolt with Half Dome in the background and knowing a storm was getting close I set out to capture it.”

    If you are a photography addict, then you can enjoy many other beautiful landscape pictures snapped by Nitsche and posted on his website The Sierra Light.

  • Vel-Negative Blood: Mystery of Lethal Blood Type Discovered by American Researchers

    U.S. scientists solved the mystery behind a new blood type which is extremely rare, but whose existence could not be denied.

    Blood types
    New Blood Group: 60-year-old mystery behind Vel-negative blood type was solved (wikipedia.org)
    Vel-negative blood group has puzzled the medical world for over 60 years. In 1952, a 66-year-old New York woman suffering from colon cancer, received a blood transfusion, but her body showed a nearly fatal reaction of the blood.

    Doctors related the case to patient’s last name: “Vel”.

    It was subsequently concluded that Mrs. Vel had developed a potent immune response against some unknown compound found on the red blood cells she had received. But, medical teams were unable to identify this compound, releasing the mystery of a new blood type, “Vel-negative.”
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    “The molecular basis of the Vel-negative blood type remained undiscovered for about 60 years despite intensive studies made by doctors worldwide,” said researcher Bryan Ballif.

    Vel-negative blood is extremely rare, but thanks to scientists’ efforts, thousands of people could be saved from death and kidney failure caused by incorect blood transfusions, writes livescience.com.

    “Even if you’re one of individuals who have this blood type – a probability of 1 in 2500 for folks of European descent -, now we can quickly identify the type of blood that you need for transfusions,” added Ballif.

  • Stanford reveals transcriptors, genetic transistors that convert living cells into computers

    Scientists at Stanford University presented the remarkable production of genetic devices that work like a biological computer (scroll down for video).

    Transcriptors and Boolean Integrase Logic (BIL) gates used for genetic computers (Youtube)
    Transcriptors and Boolean Integrase Logic (BIL) gates used for genetic computers (Youtube)
    The results which were published in “Science” on Thursday (28 March 2013), present the development of innovative genetic transistors that can be induced into biological cells and switched on / off in certain circumstances.

    Scientists aim at implementing these transistors into microscopic living computers. Therefore such a biological computer could perform different functions such as saying when a particular toxin is present in a cell, revealing the degree of multiplication of cancer cells or showing how a drug acts on each cell.

    After all required information is gathered, the biological transistor could for example command cancer cells to self-destruct.

    “We will be able to introduce computers in every living cell,” said Drew Endy of Stanford School of Engineering. “We will not replace silicon computers or change your phone or laptop, but we intend to develop special computers that work in places where silicon wouldn’t function.”

    For their finding, researchers made use of E. coli bacteria, an organism often employed in genetic studies.
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    Classical computers contain millions of minuscule transistors that control the stream of electrons using the well known binary code.

    Biological transistors, which are nicknamed “transcriptors” are using enzymes to manipulate the flow of RNA proteins along a DNA strand, pretty similar to a conventional computer which uses silicon transistors to control the flux of electrons.

    Transcriptors-based biological computers may be successfully used to find out more on how living systems work.
    Source: HuffPost

    Video: Transcriptors to turn living cells into genetic biological computers

  • VIDEO: Meteor streaks sky of northeastern United States. Fireball seen from New York

    A meteor was seen above the eastern coast of North America, Friday night, lighting up the sky above at least 13 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces, according to the American Meteor Society (scroll down for video).

    Over 300 witnesses from Ontario and Quebec (Canada) to North Carolina State (in the southern United States) have claimed the appearance of a meteor that lit up when entered Earth’s atmosphere.

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    Video: Meteor streaks over US East Coast. Space rock seen from Manhattan, New York