Category: Science

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  • VIDEO: What would happen if, instead of money, you get a black hole in your pocket?

    The big question: What would happen if, instead of money, you got a black hole in your pocket?

    In a Youtube video, the owners of the channel “Kurzgesagt – in a nutshell”, delivered a scientific explanation why a black hole, even the size of a coin, could cause the extinction of humanity and the planet Earth as well.

    black hole
    Illustration of a black hole (public domain)
    What would happen to you if a black hole the size of a coin pops up in the proximity? The answer is grim: you will die. The question was developed in two particular cases: whether the black hole is with the mass of a coin, or as wide as a coin.

    In the first case, if a 5 gram coin transforms hypothetically into a black hole, then the black hole will have a radius about 10 times to the power of -30 meters. Despite the extremely tiny size, – a black hole compared to an atom appears to be as small as an atom compared to the Sun -, it will still posses a lot of energy as its 5 gram of mass can be converted into 450 terajoules of energy which can cause a blast 3 times bigger than the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. Therefore the conclusion is that a 5 gram black hole will kill you and many around you.

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    But follow the video below to get even a better picture of the phenomenon:

  • VIDEO: What would happen to our planet if all people jump at the same time?

    If all people on Earth synchronize so that they jump at once, would the impact trigger an earthquake? Would orientation of Earth’s axis be affected? What would be the effects of the jump on the duration of the day and the evolution of seasons?

    Owners of “Vsauce” youtube channel try to give some answers to this question in the video below.
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  • Thailand is first Asian country that eliminates HIV transmission from mother to child

    Thailand became Asia’s first country and world’s second after Cuba, able to prevent the transmission of AIDS (HIV) from mother to child, announced the World Health Organization (WHO) on Wednesday.

    The Head of WHO for Southeast Asia, Poonam Khetrapal Singh has described the success as “a remarkable achievement in a country where thousands of people are infected with HIV”.

    Hiv ligand receptor binding
    HIV ligand receptor binding (public domain)
    According to UN estimates, there are about 500,000 people living with the virus in Thailand out of a total population of 68 million. For the past 25 years however, this country from Southeast Asia has made considerable progress, given that HIV contamination affected over a million people in early ’90s .

    “Thailand has shown the world that HIV can be defeated,” said Poonam Khetrapal Singh, adding that 21,000 children are born with HIV each year in the Asia-Pacific and over 200,000 grow with this virus.
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    In 2000, Thailand has become one of the first countries that offered free treatment to all HIV-positive pregnant women, a move that led to a significant drop in the transmission of the dreadful virus.

    According to data provided by the Thai government, the number of those who are born with HIV has slumped from 1,000 in 2000 to just 85 last year.

    According to WHO, about 1.4 million HIV-infected women become pregnant every year worldwide, especially in developing countries and in sub-Saharan Africa. In the absence of anti-retroviral treatment, there is a 15-45% change that these women transmit HIV to their children during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding.

  • EU approves new treatment for lung cancer

    The European Union has approved a new type of treatment for advanced forms of lung cancer. It is a combination of Avastin and Tarceva, developed and produced by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche.

    The new therapy is addressed to patients with inoperable tumors, developed metastases and those whose symptoms recurred after other therapies.

    The European officials gave green light for this combination of Avastin and Tarceva, following a study which showed that the mortality rate and the disease evolution dropped to 46% in the case of patients treated by this method.
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    According to statistics, 23,000 people are diagnosed with lung cancer every year in Europe alone.

    La Roche AG is a global health-care company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics.

  • Palestinian Woman Named Worlds Best Teacher, Granted One Million Dollar Prize

    Hanan Al Hroub, a primary school Palestinian teacher who grew up in a refugee camp in her native country, won the Global Teacher Prize of one million dollars, awarded for “an exceptional contribution” in her profession.

    The award for “world’s best teacher in 2016” was granted to Palestinian teacher Hanan Al Hroub during an event that took place in Dubai on March 13.

    hanan al hroub
    Hanan Al Hroub earned Global teaacher Prize 2016 (pic: facebook)
    Hroub, born in Bethlehem, accepted the trophy of which she said that is “a merit of all teachers in general and Palestinians in particular”.

    “You must believe in your ideas, work hard to make them come true, convince others that ideas are useful to humanity and spread them to the world to find yourself”.

    Hanan Al Hroub became a teacher after the husband and her children were exposed to a shooting incident while returning home from school.
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    “The incident has changed my children’s behavior, personality and academic performance,” said Hroub in a video recording. “I felt like I’m alone in this attempt to make my children get over the unfortunate attack. No teacher was not interested to alleviate their suffering and put them back on their feet,” added Hroub.

    Despite not receiving support from the state education system, after this incident, Hanan Al Hroub decided to invent some sort of games in order to reduce the tension and fear that overwhelmed her children. She used to invite neighbors’ children to take part in the games she invented. Gradually, the kids’ behavior and their grades began to improve. Now Hanan uses the gamification in education since the technique appears to be effective in making children rid and reject violence.

    Video: Hanan Al Hroub – Global Teacher Prize 2016 – Winner

  • Andrew Wiles awarded Abel Prize, aka Nobel Prize of Mathematics, for solving Fermat’s Last Theorem

    Briton Andrew J. Wiles, who cracked the mystery of Fermat’s Last Theorem in 1994, thus solving a problem that preoccupied specialists for more than 350 years, has been awarded the 2016 Abel Prize, often dubbed the “Nobel Prize for mathematics”

    Andrew Wiles cracked Fermat's Last Theorem mystery
    Andrew Wiles cracked Fermat’s Last Theorem mystery
    The decision was announced on Tuesday by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, which said that Wiles’ impressive proof opens “a new era in number theory”.

    The theorem in question bears the name of French mathematician Pierre de Fermat who wrote it on the edge of a page from a book, around 1637. He said back then that the theorem has a wonderful demonstration, but did not have enough space on that page to write it down.
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    Solving the problem was not an easy job for the later generations of mathematicians and a long series of unsuccessful attempts lead to the appearance of a book called “Fermat’s last theorem”, signed by Simon Singh.

    The stunning demonstration of Fermat’s last theorem is undoubtedly the peak of the career of Sir Andrew J. Wiles, born in 1953 in Cambridge, who graduated from Oxford and Cambridge Universities and continued his studies in the US and France.

  • Bermuda Triangle’s mysterious disappearances caused by giant craters, explained with methane bubbles “theory”

    Bermuda Triangle is one of the scariest places on Earth, as hundreds ships and airplanes would have disappeared without any explanation in the past 52 years.

    The Bermuda Triangle also known as the “Devil’s Triangle” is a roughly triangular-shaped area in the Atlantic Ocean delimited by Bermuda Island, Puero Rico and Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

    bermuda triangle map
    The Bermuda Triangle aka Devil’s Triangle
    There are overwhelming speculations that the region is hunted by inexplicable events including the mysterious disappearance of a large number of vessels and aircraft. Some believe that the weird paranormal phenomena thwarting the laws of physics are caused by extraterrestrial civilizations.
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    The recent discoveries of giant craters in the Barents Sea could be the explanation for the puzzling disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle.

    Scientists believe that the craters are the result of accumulation of methane gas. The explosion of such underwater gas bubbles causes huge openings that lead in turn to the formation of giant vortexes which would drag the ships and planes to the bottom of the ocean.

  • First Space Flower Blooms on Board ISS (PHOTO)

    A photo with the first flower that grew in Earth’s outer space was made public by NASA and posted to Twitter by Scott Kelly, an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS).

    First space flower grown on ISS (Twitter/NASA)
    First space flower grown on ISS (Twitter/NASA)
    The ISS team had already succeeded in growing lettuce and now has reached a new milestone of their agronomic talent when edible Zinnia Elegans bloomed on board. It’s the first time when plants flourish outside the Earth’s atmosphere.

    “These plants are very fragile, so it was more complicated to grow,” says Trent Smith, manager of Veggie Project. The team feared several times that the ambitious efforts will fail.

    “It appears that our plants are not doing too well,” said Scott Kelly recently. “I need to awake Mark Watney (from the film ‘The Martian’), who sleeps in me,” he joked with a humor that accustomed his colleagues.
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    Finally the space gardeners have achieved their goal as they managed to harvest edible flowers. “If this works, we will grow our own tomatoes in space,” he added.

    While appearing insignificant for those on Earth, the bloom of the orange flower seems to be a big step for scientists, astronauts and future missions. Developing such crops in space could contribute to the organization of longer missions in space in more remote places, allowing NASA to learn more about the universe. “Yes, there are other life forms in space,” added Scott in his Twitter message.

    Astronaut Scott Kelly unveils his ISS garden (pic: Twitter/Scott Kelly)
    Astronaut Scott Kelly unveils his ISS garden (pic: Twitter/Scott Kelly)

  • Hydrogen bomb, most destructive weapon ever developed by humans

    The thermonuclear bomb a.k.a hydrogen bomb, the type of nuke that North Korea would have tested on Wednesday, was developed after the dreadful nuclear bombs were dropped in Japan at the end of the Second World War and is by far more destructive.

    A thermonuclear weapon contains hydrogen’s isotopes of deuterium and tritium which merge together delivering helium and high energy neutrons.

    Tsar bomba mushroom cloud seen from 161 km (wikipedia/fair use)
    Tsar bomba mushroom cloud seen from 161 km (wikipedia/fair use)
    While conventional nuclear weapons operate on the principle of nuclear fission, splitting the atomic nuclei rather than merging them, the hydrogen bomb uses an initial fission reaction, in order to produce a high temperature environment required for the occurrence of the stronger nuclear fusion reaction.

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    About a year and a half after the US tested the first full scale thermonuclear device, the Soviet Union developed its own H-bomb, thus launching a race to produce more ‘superbombs’.

    The most powerful hydrogen bomb ever detonated (also triggering the biggest explosion ever caused by humans) – was used by the Soviets in October 1961. Known as the Tsar Bomba, it had an explosive power equivalent to 50 megatons of TNT.

  • Four new chemical elements added to Mendeleev periodic table completing period seven

    The discovery of four super-heavy chemical elements by scientists from Russia, America and Japan has been verified by experts and they were formally added to the periodic table, informs The Guardian.

    Four new elements were placed in the Mendeleev’s table, thus completing its seventh row (period).

    The elements are the first to be added to the table since 2011 when elements 114 and 116 were inserted.

    The four newcomers were checked on December 30 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the global institution that governs measurements, nomenclature and terminology of chemistry.

    IUPAC has announced that a Russian-American team of scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, delivered sufficient evidence to claim the discovery of elements 115, 117 and 118.

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    Kosuke Morita, who leads the research at RIKEN, said that his team “is now looking to uncharted territory of element 119 and beyond it”.

    Ryoji Noyori, a Nobel laureate and former president of Riken said that “for scientists, the discovery has a higher value than an Olympic gold medal.”

    IUPAC has initiated the process of formalizing the names and symbols for these new chemical elements, provisionally termed ununtrium (UUT or element 113), ununpentium (UUP, element 115), ununseptium (Uus, element 117), and ununoctium (Uuo, element 118).

    The chemical elements will be officially named in the coming months by the teams of researchers who discovered them. Element 113 will be the first chemical to be named in Asia.