Should Crimea be claimed back by Turkey under old treaty between Ottoman Empire and Russia’s Catherine the Great?

As most of you probably noticed, Crimea held a referendum last Sunday when its people voted to separate from Ukraine and join the Russian Federation.

Turkish flag

231-year-old treaty gives Turkey possibility to get back Crimea (Public Domain)

The controversial poll sparked a harsh geopolitical standoff between Russia and the rest of the world, however this is not going to be the topic of the following article.

Well, it appears that Crimea has a overwhelmingly complicated history and according to website “Voices of Ukraine“, the peninsula in the northern Black Sea might be claimed by a new country: TURKEY!

Citing an article published in the Turkish newspaper Hürriyet, the above-mentioned site brings into attention an old agreement sealed between the Russian and Ottoman empires 231-years ago when the Turkish gave up Crimea in the favor of Russians.

According to treaty’s terms and conditions, agreed by the the Russian empress Catherine the Great on 19 April 1783, Crimea can not be incorporated to a another country unless it gains its independence, otherwise it should be retaken over by Turkey.

Quoting the source:
“However, one of the most important points is the clause that stipulates conditions that if the peninsula does not declare its independence then it cannot be transferred to a third party. Otherwise, Crimea must automatically be returned under the aegis of Turkey.”

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  1. If not independent, Crimea is non-transferable
  2. If independent, then it should return under Turkish administration

Back in 1991, when the Soviet empire crashed after nearly half a century of dominance in Eastern Europe, Turkey had the right to file a claim for Crimea, but:

“The Turkish government, then led by Turgut Ozal, given the geopolitical changes in northern Turkey and changes in the general world economic situation, did not defend that position. Turkey limited itself to demanding that the rights of Crimean Tatars, living as a minority in Crimea, be restored,” the author quotes from the publication of the Crimean Tatar agency QHA.

In conclusion, this ancient deal between ancient empires seems to state clearly that Crimea can unite with Russia only if gets independence from Kiev, but in that case the understanding will send it back under Turkey’s authority. So, theoretically no way for Russians to put hands on Crimea, but practically they did it.

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