Global warming affects air traffic over North Atlantic

A recent study concluded that the clear air turbulence experienced by aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean is increasing due to climate warming.

In a new study published in journal Nature, scientists concluded that there is a statistically significant increase in the movement and direction of air masses associated with turbulence experienced by aircraft flying over the North Atlantic.

View from plane at high altitude (Attribution: Daibo Taku / Wikimedia)

This statistical increase in clear sky turbulence has real effects on global aviation traffic, given that about 3,000 airplanes fly over the North Atlantic daily. Due to its busy air traffic and exposure to polar air masses, the scientists have chosen the northern region to be analized in their research.

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In this study, meteorologists at Reading University concluded that at higher altitudes, reaching lower stratosphere above the North Pole, the temperature decreases as a reaction to climate changes in the Arctic region. Towards the equator, the opposite phenomenon is noticed: temperature increases at higher altitudes. This results in a larger temperature contrast at this altitudes.

The higher temperature changes in different regions of the stratosphere interact with the lower changes in temperatures in different regions of the lower troposphere and they tend to balance out weakening the jet stream. However, scientists have noticed that the movement of the air streams in these regions is increasing, which results in the turbulence of aircraft flying over the Atlantic.

The researchers concluded that they expect an amplification of these turbulences in the future, compared to the current situation. They also pointed out that climate projections in the North Atlantic area show that this region will be the most affected by these phenomena.